Frequently Asked Questions About Modern Password Security
What’s the difference between 2FA and MFA?
The terms are often used interchangeably, but there is a slight difference. Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) specifically means you are using two factors—typically something you know (password) and something you have (phone). Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) is a broader term that means you are using two or more factors. For example, a high-security system might require a password, a fingerprint scan (something you are), and a code from an authenticator app. For most personal use, 2FA is the relevant term, and it provides a massive leap in security.
Are the password managers built into browsers like Chrome or Safari good enough?
Browser-based password managers are certainly better than nothing. They are convenient and do help you create and save unique passwords. However, they generally fall short of dedicated password managers in a few key areas. First, their security model is tied to your browser login, which may not be as secure as a dedicated master password. Second, they lack many of the features of a dedicated manager, such as secure notes, family sharing, security audits, and cross-platform syncing outside of the browser ecosystem. A dedicated manager is a more robust, secure, and flexible solution for your entire digital life, not just your web browsing.
How often should I really change my passwords?
The old advice was to change your passwords every 90 days. This is now considered outdated. The new guidance, supported by organizations like the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), is that you should use a long, strong, unique password for every service and only change it if you have reason to believe it has been compromised. Constant, forced password changes often lead people to create weaker, more predictable passwords (e.g., changing “Summer2023!” to “Fall2023!”). With a password manager creating random passwords for you, and 2FA enabled, the “change it only when necessary” approach is both more secure and less work.
What role do biometrics like Face ID or a fingerprint scan play?
Biometrics are a wonderful convenience layer. They are a great way to unlock your password manager on your phone or computer without having to type your long master password every single time. Think of biometrics as a convenient shortcut to your vault, not a replacement for your strong master password. The underlying security still relies on that master password, which you will still need to enter periodically, such as after a device restart or software update.
Is it really okay to write down my master password?
Yes, but with a major caveat: it depends entirely on where you write it down. Writing your master password on a sticky note attached to your monitor is a terrible idea. Writing it on a piece of paper that you then store in a locked safe in your home or a safe deposit box at a bank is an excellent idea. This creates a physical backup that is protected from online threats. The key is to protect that written copy with the same seriousness as you would your birth certificate or passport.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial, legal, or professional security advice. Please consult with a qualified professional for advice tailored to your specific situation.
